Electric arc furnace is widely used for its high efficiency, good applicability of raw materials, short process, low energy consumption, full variety of smelting products and good quality. Domestic steel enterprises will generally adopt the following measures to save energy and reduce consumption.

1. Raw material structure

Raw material structure has a direct impact on the composition of energy consumption in EAF smelting. Measures include:

1) Hot molten iron

In the raw material structure of the electric arc furnace, a part of molten iron is added, and a large amount of carbon is brought into the molten iron. In the melting and oxidation periods, the temperature of the decarburized material by blowing oxygen is fully utilized, which can end the melting period in advance and enter the oxidation period soon. The decarburization speed is significantly higher than that of the traditional process, thus shortening the smelting time.

2) Scientific loading

The scientific loading position is: the bottom is filled with some small materials, and the amount is half of the total amount of small materials. The center of the lower part of the basket is filled with all large materials. The big materials are filled with small materials to improve the stacking density of the material basket. Medium sized materials are installed on and around the large materials. Put the rest of the small material on the top.

If there is pig iron in the charge, it shall be installed on the top of the charge or under the electrode. If the furnace charge is equipped with alloy, the ferrotungsten and ferromolybdenum with high melting point shall be installed in the high temperature area around the arc.

2. Enhanced oxygen supply

Replacing electricity with oxygen and strengthening oxygen supply is a great progress of modern EAF smelting technology. The specific measures are: adding heating elements in the smelting process, such as coal powder, coke, electrode block, adding oxygen gun and burner in the furnace door and furnace wall, increasing the oxidation chemical heat in the smelting process, partially replacing electricity with oxygen, and even realizing negative energy steelmaking.

3. Scrap preheating

By using a large amount of physical heat in the flue gas and dust produced in the process of EAF smelting, scrap preheating can be realized. Through scrap preheating, metal recovery rate can be effectively improved and smelting arc can be reduced. In addition, the waste steel plays a filtering role in preheating the dust, reducing the pressure of the dust removal system to a certain extent.

4. Power supply control

The electric arc furnace shall adopt the power supply system of "high voltage, long arc and high power factor". Specific: Based on safe, stable and efficient operation, select the electrical operation point of power supply curve, its apparent power S5, process optimization

It is suggested that the production process should be controlled and adjusted by the computer, so that there are fewer changing factors and the process is highly controllable. In order to avoid the phenomenon of furnace pressing caused by poor scheduling, the molten steel is heated repeatedly in the process of tapping, resulting in a large amount of energy waste.